Studied For
Copper peptides and analogs studied for skin, pigmentation, and aging research.
3 results

Melanotan II is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) with the sequence Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2. It has a molecular weight of 1024.2 g/mol and CAS number 121062-08-6. Originally developed at the University of Arizona, it is a non-selective agonist of melanocortin receptors MC1R through MC5R. Research has extensively characterized Melanotan II’s activation of the melanocortin system. Studies show potent stimulation of MC1R in melanocytes, promoting eumelanin synthesis through upregulation of tyrosinase and related enzymes in the melanogenesis pathway. MC3R and MC4R activation in hypothalamic neurons influences energy homeostasis and sexual function pathways, while MC5R activation affects exocrine gland function. Preclinical research demonstrates Melanotan II’s effects on melanogenesis persist beyond the initial dosing period, with studies showing sustained increases in melanin density in skin biopsies. Research in photoprotection models has shown UV-independent melanogenesis, generating interest in dermatological and photobiology research applications. Additional research areas include its documented effects on appetite regulation through central MC4R activation, lipid metabolism in adipocyte models, and modulation of inflammatory responses through melanocortin signaling pathways. Each vial contains 10mg of lyophilized Melanotan II at greater than 99% purity, verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry. Supplied as a sterile, white lyophilized powder.
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GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper Complex) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide with the sequence Gly-His-Lys, complexed with copper(II) ions. It has a molecular weight of 400.9 g/mol and is found endogenously in human plasma, saliva, and urine. Plasma levels decline significantly with age, from approximately 200 ng/mL at age 20 to 80 ng/mL by age 60. Extensive research has demonstrated GHK-Cu’s broad biological activity in tissue remodeling. Studies show it stimulates collagen synthesis (types I and III), promotes decorin production, increases angiogenesis through VEGF and FGF-2 upregulation, and activates tissue remodeling by attracting immune cells and fibroblasts to injury sites. It has been documented to upregulate over 4,000 genes involved in tissue repair while suppressing genes associated with inflammation and tissue destruction. In dermal research models, GHK-Cu has demonstrated stimulation of glycosaminoglycan synthesis, increased elastin production, and enhancement of integrin expression on dermal fibroblasts. Studies show improved wound contraction rate, increased granulation tissue formation, and enhanced re-epithelialization. The copper ion is essential for activity, serving as a cofactor for lysyl oxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. Research has also explored GHK-Cu’s antioxidant properties, including upregulation of superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and other detoxification enzymes. Studies demonstrate suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in chronic inflammation models. Each vial contains 50mg of lyophilized GHK-Cu complex at greater than 99% purity. Supplied as a blue-tinged lyophilized powder due to the copper complex.
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